Advancing RNAi for Sustainable Insect Management: Targeted Solutions for Eco-friendly Pest Control

Insect pests pose significant challenges to agriculture, forestry, and public health, causing substantial economic losses and threats to food security. Traditional pest control methods, such as chemical insecticides, have limitations due to the development of insecticide resistance, negative impacts on non-target organisms, and environmental concerns. RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising approach for developing targeted and environmentally safe insect control strategies. This review explores the potential of RNAi-based methods for pest management, discussing the mechanism of RNAi in insects, factors influencing its efficiency, and various delivery strategies. We highlight the advantages of RNAi, such as species-specific targeting and reduced off-target effects, while also addressing challenges and limitations, including variability in RNAi efficiency among insect species and potential resistance development. The review examines the environmental safety and risk assessment of RNAi-based insect control, current applications, and future prospects. We also discuss the socio-economic impact and public perception of RNAi technology, as well as research gaps and future directions. The integration of RNAi-based insect control into integrated pest management programs is crucial for developing sustainable and effective pest control solutions. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future potential of RNAi-based insect control, this review aims to inform research, policy, and practice in this rapidly evolving field.