Epidemiological Profile of End-Stage Renal Diseases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background/Aims: The Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT) reported (2015) a total of 15,782 dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. Out of these patients, 14,366 were treated via haemodialysis, whereas the remaining 1,416 underwent peritoneal dialysis.

Aims: This study aimed to assess common factors that led to ESRD among dialysis patients at King Abdullah’s Dialysis Care Project in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design: Cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the period May-September 2017, in King Abdullah’s Dialysis Care Project in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective registry-based study using secondary data from the registry at King Abdullah’s Dialysis Care Project in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (South Center). Registered male and female adult dialysis patients at this centre were included in this study. Patient medical records including disease state, laboratory profiles, and medical complications were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS version 22) was used to analyse the data obtained. Various statistical analyses were conducted including means, frequencies, and regression analysis (odds ratio).A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant in the study.

Results: A total of 300 patients (55% males and 45% females) were included in this study. The mean age of the sample was 53 years (±SD 16). The prevalence of overweight and obese ESRD patients were 26% and 30%, respectively. The high frequent co-morbidities among ESRD patients were hypertension (82%) followed by diabetes mellitus (57%). The results showed that out of 90% of dialysis complications, 10% were cases of infection.

Conclusions: ESRD is an important public health problem in Saudi Arabia with alarming in its annual rates. For a better understanding of the aetiology and specific risk factors provoking ESRD in Saudi Arabia, further studies need to be conducted.