Editorial: Insights in neuroinflammation and neuropathy

In one article, Li et al. review current research on and discuss the pathological presentation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder (MOGAD), a subtype of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MOGAD is an inflammatory disorder caused by antibody-mediated demyelination, and its clinical phenotypes overlap with other forms of NMOSD and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, patients with MOGAD have better response to immunotherapy and improved prognosis than those with non-MOGAD NMOSD. Additionally, there is no significant predominance of females in MOGAD. Brain MRI studies of MOGAD have revealed several neuropathological features, such as brainstem lesions, encephalopathy, and cortical encephalitis. This review provides new insights into clinical phenotypes of MOGAD.

In an original research report, Fuentes-Santamaría et al. demonstrate that age-related hearing loss and noise-accelerated presbycusis are closely related. They found that age and short/long-term noise interactions exacerbate presbycusis in young rodents by causing progressive dysfunction and promoting degeneration of ear cochlear cells and auditory structures. The degeneration occurs via common pathogenic mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.